Both the papers consist of objective type questions. Previous year, Paper I had environment and climate related questions more and questions from Geography were comparatively less. Last year GS Paper I included questions from current events of national and international importance, history of India, India and World geography, Indian politics and governance, economic and social development and the general issues on environmental ecology.
Candidates who will qualify the prelims examination will have the chance to appear for main examination. The main examination will be conducted on 28 October Both the papers consist of marks. UPSC permits six attempts to each candidate for the examination.
The restriction is not applicable in case of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes candidates. Candidates who will appear for Preliminary Examination can check Jagranjosh site for more exam related updates. Conflicts over resources like water are often cloaked in the guise of identity or ideology.
The options are very close! The word rarely does not mean never. Hence, we will reject option a. Option c is correct. Option d is an extreme statement not borne out from this limited passage. So rejected. The man who is perpetually hesitating which of the two things he will do first, will do neither. The man who resolves, but suffers his resolution to be changed by the first counter Suggestion of a friend—who fluctuates from opinion to opinion and veers from plan to plan-can never accomplish anything.
He will at best be stationary and probably retrograde in all. It is only the man who first consults wisely, then resolves firmly and then executes his purpose with inflexible perseverance, undismayed by those petty difficulties which daunt a weaker spirit—that can advance to eminence in any line.
We are asked to find the keynote main message. Options b and c can be eliminated easily. Options a and d look close. The reason we will choose a is because the passage delves in-depth on the issue of suggestions and wavering mind. During the summer in the Arctic Ocean, sea ice has been melting earlier and faster, and the winter freeze has been coming later. In the last three decades, the extent of summer ice has declined by about 30 per cent. The lengthening period of summer melt threatens to undermine the whole Arctic food web, atop which stand polar bears.
Which among the following is the most crucial message conveyed by the above passage? Anyone who read regularly, would have anticipated the answer to this one! The most crucial message is obvious — the polar bears will face a true existential threat due to climate change and Arctic ice reduction etc. Option c makes a big claim, not necessarily true. Option b is desirable, but impractical and not mentioned! Why do people prefer open defecation and not want toilets or, if they have them, only use them sometimes?
Recent research has shown two critical elements : ideas of purity and pollutions, and not wanting pits or septic tanks to fill they have to be emptied. These are the issue that nobody wants to talk about, but if we want to eradicate the practice of open defection, they have to be confronted and dealt properly.
The most crucial message conveyed is option b , as the other 3 options are too negative and reject the possibility of any solution to this pressing social problem.
In the last two decades, the world's gross domestic product GDP has increased 50 percent, whereas inclusive wealth has increased by a mere 6 percent. In recent decades, GDP-driven economic performnce, has only harmed inclusive wealth like human capital; and natural capital like forests, land and water. While the world's human capital which stands at 57 percent of total inclusive wealth grew by only 8 percent, the natural which is 23 percent of total inclusive wealth declined by 30 per cent worldwide in the last two decades.
We have to find the most crucial inference. Option c is wrong. Options a and d are not wrong, but are not the key ideas. The key idea is that we have taken the wrong route to prosperity, and only option b resonated with that. By , when the global economy is expected to run short of 56 million young people, India, with its youth surplus of 47 million, could fill the gap.
It is in this context that labour reforms are often cited as the way to unlock double-digit growth in India. In , India's labour force was estimated to be about 40 per cent of the population, but 93 per cent of this force was in unorganized sector.
Over the last decade, the compound annual growth rate CAGR of employment has slowed to 0. Options a and c get ruled out immediately — a because it is beyond the scope of this passage, and c as it is an assumption. Option b and d to be checked. Nature ordains that the human race shall perish of famine if it stops working. We cannot escape from this tyranny. The question we have to settle is how much leisure we can afford to allow ourselves. A philosophical question regarding work and mankind, with very close options.
Option b is not the main idea, but a final suggestion. Option a , c and d are all correct points. But it is only in option d that the recurrent theme — "teach kids when they are old enough to understand it what is work It will cover the leisure aspect also. Hence, best answer is d. There is no harm in cultivating habits so long as they are not injurious.
Indeed, most of us are little more than bundle of habits. Take away our habbits and the residuum would hardly be worth bothering about. We could not get on without them.
They simplify the mechanism of life. They enable us to do a multitude of things automatically, which, if we had to give fresh and original thought to them each time, would make existence an impossible confusion. The passage says that man is nothing but all habits taken together. These make life regular and automatic, thereby making it easy to live, which otherwise would be impossible. Hence, option a is wrong. Option b is not mentioned. Best answer is option c.
Directions for the following 2 two items: - Consider the given information and answer the two items that follow. With reference to the above information, which one among the following statements must be true? Ans b Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. If second and fourth Saturdays and ,all the Sundays are taken as only holidays for an office, what would be the minimum number of possible working days of any month of any year?
Ans b Since minimum number of working days is asked, start with the smallest month possible. That would be a February, in a non-leap year, with 28 days in all. So the first day be Sunday, then the 8th, 15th and 22nd will be Sundays as well.
For the second and fourth Saturdays, we will have only 14th and 28th. Ans d A question using basic ratio logic. Now apply a simple logic using ratio. And so on. Four tests—Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology are to be conducted on four consecutive days, not necessarily in the same order.
The Physics test is held before the test which is conducted after Biology. Chemistry is conducted exactly after two tests are held. Which is the last test held? We solved it using simple hit and trial. The sum of income of A and B is more than that of C and D taken together. The sum of income of A and C is the same as that of B and D taken together. Moreover, A earns half as much as the sum of the income of B and D.
Whose income is the highest? Ans b A question from Basic Arithmetic. Given that the sum of incomes of A and B is more than that of C and D. So the correct answer is B, option b. Also note that since A and C are equal, those two options get eliminated anyway.
Any guesswork should be only between B and D. Good voice is a natural gift but one has to keep practising to improve and well in the field of music. Ans a Let us apply basic logic. Conclusion I definitely follows as that is the main assertion given. It is an assumption we will be making. There are three pillars X, Y and Z of different heights. Three spiders A, B and C start to climb on these pillars simultaneously.
In one chance, A climbs on X by 6 cm but slips down 1 cm. B climbs on Y by 7 cm but slips down 3 cm. C climbs on Z by 6.
If each of them requires 40 chances to reach the top of the pillars, what is the height of the shortest pillar? Ans b The basic trick in such climbing and slipping questions is that the last upward jump ends the question, and the last slip is not counted.
Let us begin. In one climb, A goes up X by 6 cm, and falls by 1 cm. Similarly, B goes up Y by 7 cm, and falls by 3 cm. Given that all three took 40 climbs chances and reached the top. For spider A, in 39 chances it will go up by 5 x 39 cms, B will go up by 4 x 39 cms, and C will go up by 4.
Obviously, for spider B, the distance is going to be the smallest. A common mistake made here is that we simply multiply net distance with 40, which we cannot as once the spider reaches the top, the question would be solved. Best answer is option b. In the light of this statement, which one of the following is the correct understanding of rights?
Ans c Just read all the options first, and it becomes clear that except c , others are absurd. After removing the names of failed students, a merit order list has been prepared in which the position of Ramesh is 22nd from the top.
What is his position from the bottom? Ans c A question from basic arithmetic. Answer c. What will be Gopal's position if he agreed? Ans c A simple question from Profit and Loss. But this profit was made on his cost price which is Your answer to these items should be based on the passages only.
We have hard work ahead. There is no resting for any of us till we redeem our pledge in full fill we make all the people of India what destiny intends them to be.
We are citizens of a great country, on the verge of bold advance, and we have to live up to that high standard. All of us, to whatever religion we may belong, are equally the children of India with, equal rights, privileges and obligations. We cannot encourage communalism or narrow mindedness, for no nation can be great whose people are narrow in thought or action. Ans b The author mentions that India is a great nation, with high standards, and the citizens have to live upto those.
Now, option a is wrong as we cannot exhort citizens to achieve "privileges", though the other part is not wrong. And we have a better option later. Option b speaks of the key ideas that the author intends India and Indians to achieve in the long run - equal privileges what's said in the passage is that all Indians are entitled to it, but do not have it at the moment, hence we have to achieve it , fulfilment of destiny and political tolerance "we cannot encourage communalism So option b is the best.
Option c talks of goals not disucssed here. Option d uses words that indicate a means to an end - like "hard work" - and not the end itself. Ans c A small but heavy philosophical one!
Option a is wrong as the literal sum of all private wills is not General Wills nowhere mentioned as an arithmetic truth.
Option b is irrelevant elections etc. Option c is best — collective good distinct from the private wills. Option d is not explicitly mentioned. In a democratic State, where a high degree of Political maturity of the people obtains, the conflict between the will of the sovereign law-making body and the organized will of the people seldom occurs.
Ans d Theme : Democracy, sovereign power and mature citizens. Option a is wrong as the reverse is mentioned.
Option b too is wrong! So we easily reduce options from 4 to 2. Check c. Refer passage. Hence, option d narrowly wins over c. A successful democracy depends upon widespread interest and participation in politics, in which voting is an essential part. To deliberately refrain from taking such an interest, and from voting, is a kind of implied anarchy, it is to refuse one's political responsibility while enjoying the benefits of a free political society. Ans a Perhaps one of the easiest questions in this paper!
Similarly, c is also wrong. We are left with a and d , and the tone of the passage clearly indicates a certain political duty of citizens. Hence, best answer is a. In a free country, the man who reaches the position of leader is usually one of outstanding, character and ability.
Moreover, it is usually possible to foresee that he will reach such a position, since early in life one can see his qualities of character. But this is not always true in the case of a dictator; often he reaches his position of power through chance, very often through the unhappy state of his country. Ans d Another sitter! Option b is factually wrong. Option c is not being discussed. Option d is clearly mentioned.
The greatest blessing that technological progress has in store for mankind is not, of course, an accumulation of material possessions.
The amount of these that can be effectively enjoyed by one individual in one lifetime is not great. But there is not the same narrow limit to the possibilities of the enjoyment of leisure. The gift of leisure may be abused by people who have had no experience of making use of it. Yet the creative use of leisure by a minority in societies has been the mainspring of all human progress beyond the primitive level.
Ans b The questions looks long and intimidating, but the statements and options make it a sitter! Statement 2 is correct as it is clearly mentioned. There is more than a modicum of truth in the assertion that "a working knowledge of ancient history is necessary to the intelligent interpretation of current events". But the sage who uttered these words of wisdom might well have added something on the benefits of studying particularly the famous battles of history for the lessons they contain for those of us who lead or aspire to leadership.
Such a study will reveal certain qualities and attributes which enabled the winners to win—and certain deficiemcies which caused the losers to lose and the student will see that the same pattern recurs consistently, again and again, throughout the centuries.
Statement 2 is of course correct. Hence best answer is b. Another very easy question. Suppose the average weight of 9 persons is 50 kg. The average weight of the first 5 persons is 45 kg, whereas the average weight of the last 5 persons is 55 kg. Then the weight of the 5th person will be. Ans c Let weight of nth person be x n.
In a group of six women, there are four tennis players, four postgraduates in Sociology, one postgraduate in Commerce and three bank employees. Vimala and Kamla are the bank employees while Amala and Komala are unemployed. Komala and Nirmala are among the tennis players.
Amala, Kamla, Komala and Nirmala are postgraduates in Sociology of whom two are bank employees. If Shyamala is a postgraduate in Commerce, who among the following is both a tennis player and a bank employee? Ans c It is given that Amala and Komala are unemployed so automatically options a and b are wrong.
Also it is given that Komala and Nirmala are amongst tennis players, so the only possible answer is c Nirmala. In this context, which of the following statements is correct?
As the numerical values of A and B will diverge, the answers will start to change from initial assumptions. A watch loses 2 minutes in every 24 while another watch gains 2 minutes, in 24 hours. At a particular instant, the two watches showed an identical time. Which of the following statements is correct if hour clock is.
Ans d A question from clocks, but a logical one. In 1 day 24 hours , first clock gains 2 min and the second loses 2 min. So net gap is 4 minutes per day.
Hence, answer is d. How many households earn between Rs. Ans b A good question based on percentages. So households between Rs. A clock strikes once at 1 o'clock, twice at 2 o'clock and thrice at 3 o'clock, and so on. If it takes 12 seconds to strike at 5 o'clock, what is the time taken by it to strike at 10 o'clock? Now these 5 strikes took 12 seconds, so that is the time counted for 4 intervals first strike to second, second to third, third to fourth, fourth to fifth.
Hence, for 4 intervals, the time is 12 seconds, hence for 1 interval it is 3 seconds. None of the options match! Hence, the question is wrong. UPSC will give bonus to everyone.
Be happy! Ans d A classic case of jumping the gun! Morning walk is not the only essential requirement. Hence Conclusion 1 is wrong. Hence options a and c are wrong. Focus on Conclusion 2. There are thirteen 2-digit consecutive odd numbers. If 39 is the mean of the first live such numbers, then what is the mean of all the thirteen numbers? So the series is 35, 37, 39 onwards till Each has a pack of 10 cards. Then the number of cards possessed by D and E is equal to the number of cards possessed by.
So total sum of cards of D and E is So the correct answer is b. There are 4 horizontal and 4 vertical lines, parallel and equidistant to one another on a board. What is the maximum number of rectangles and squares that can be formed? Ans c A question from the most basic of permutations and combinations.
There are 4 horizontal lines and 4 vertical lines. So to make a rectangle, we have to select any 2 vertical lines and any 2 horizontal lines. That can be done in 4C2 x 4C2 ways, that is a total of 36 ways. How far from Delhi would the express train meet the freight train?
Now it has to cover 80 km effectively with a relative speed of 20 kmph. That means 4 hours. Hence, answer is c. In a test, Randhir obtained more marks than the total marks obtained by Kunal and Debu. The total marks obtained by Kunal and Shankar are more than those of Randhir.
Sonal obtained more marks than Shankar. Neha obtained more marks than Randhir. Who amongst them obtained highest marks? Ans d Data insufficient. As Neha has obtained more marks than Randhir given so Randhir cannot be the answer. Sonal has obtained more marks than Shankar, but her relation with Randhir is not given.
Also no sufficient information is given about her relation with both Kunal and Debu. So we can come to the conclusion that Data are inadequate. Answer is d. Questions and Detailed Solutions are being continuously updated Comment and let us know your experience, answers and solutions too! Toggle navigation. Passage-1 An air quality index AQI is a way to combine measurements of multiple air pollutants into a single number or rating.
Our governments are not responsible enough to keep our cities pollution free. There is absolutely no need for air quality indices in our country. Air quality index is not helpful to the residents of many of our large cities.
In every city, public awareness about pollution problems should increase. Sapphire Foods IPO subscribed 6. Healthy snacking while working from home is beneficial for your health.
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