Shamash is the sun god, associated with light and wisdom. Humbaba, whom Shamash detests, is associated with darkness and evil. Gilgamesh and Enkidu do not seek only to glorify their own names. Shamash remains a strong presence in the poem until the last few tablets, when Ea, the god of wisdom and crafts, seems to assume his role.
The ziggurat was a holy mountain in miniature, an antechamber between worlds where the gods and men conversed. Although Ninsun herself is a god, she does not live in heaven. Rather, she is physically present in Uruk. The city elders urge Gilgamesh to pray to his father Lugulbanda for protection. Being left for dead and surviving—death and rebirth—are major themes in Gilgamesh. SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search.
Press ESC to cancel. Ben Davis April 12, What did Gilgamesh and Enkidu do? How did Gilgamesh and Enkidu kill humbaba? What happened after Gilgamesh and Enkidu fight? What God killed enkidu?
That night Gilgamesh makes another offering to Shamash the sun god. He prays that Shamash will visit him in a dream and grant him a favorable omen. Gilgamesh and Enkidu construct a shelter against the wind and, huddling together for warmth, lie down, and sleep. At midnight, Gilgamesh wakes from a dream and asks if Enkidu called out to him. Gilgamesh details the dream to Enkidu: They were walking through a valley when a huge mountain fell on top of them.
Enkidu interprets the dream and says that the mountain is Humbaba, and that he and Gilgamesh will topple Humbaba and his dead body will lie like a mountain. The two companions continue their journey through the forest. After a few days, Gilgamesh makes another offering to Shamash.
After falling asleep together, Gilgamesh wakes up again from another dream. He is frightened and asks Enkidu if he touched him. Then he tells Enkidu about this latest dream. In it, Gilgamesh is attacked by a wild bull and pinned to the ground. He is completely trapped when suddenly someone offers him water. Again, Enkidu interprets the dream as fortunate. He says that the bull is not Humbaba, but Shamash, who has blessed Gilgamesh by fighting with him.
As they continue their travels, Gilgamesh makes yet another offering to Shamash and has a third dream. This time he dreams that the earth is shaking and fire and ashes fall from the sky.
Gilgamesh tells Enkidu they should reconsider this quest. Once again, Enkidu says the dream is fortunate. Even so, Gilgamesh is filled with fear and doubt.
He prays to Shamash again, asking for his protection. Shamash answers and explains that Humbaba has seven garments, each of which spreads terror. Shamash tells Gilgamesh that Humbaba is wearing only one of them now, but warns him that if Humbaba wears all seven, Gilgamesh will be unable to defeat him. The heroes must hurry. He admitted to his friend, Whenever I close my eyes, voices come to me and say: 'Gilgamesh, arise, there are great things to be done!
Are you not the bravest of men? Are you no longer my fearless friend and brother whom I admire more than anyone at all? Enkidu spoke: "I knew the presence of Humbaba when I was a wild man on the steppes and in the forest. I could hear the sighing of his voice rise over the sound of thunder and high winds.
I could hear the beating of his heart and feel the heat of his breath at a distance of five-hundred shar. I do not fear beast or mortal man, 0 Gilgamesh, but Humbaba is not mortal; he is the appointed servant of the gods, the guardian of the wild cows and the cedar forest.
Whoever comes near him will grow weak. He will be paralyzed and fail. Day and night it spreads fires and spews its ashes over the town. It is hated by great Shamash, constantly obscuring his face.
What am I, if I turn aside from the things I want to do? I am nothing, only someone waiting for death! But if I do this thing, 0 Enkidu, even might I fail, then they will say, 'Gilgamesh died a hero's death!
He died defending his people. Still Enkidu turned away. Gilgamesh then called in the armorers, the makers of spears and shields and axes. They cast for him swords of bronze inlaid with silver and gold. They made powerful long-bows and arrows tipped with stone, and most beautiful of all, a spear with a handle of lapis lazuli and gold inset with many glittering jewels.
Gilgamesh called Enkidu and laid the weapons before him, hoping to tempt him with their beauty. And still Enkidu said no. Gilgamesh was downcast. He no longer loves daring; he has forgotten adventure; I will go alone! Hearing this the elders of Uruk, came to him: "0 Gilgamesh, do not undertake this thing. You are young; your heart has carried you away.
Settle down, 0 King; take a bride to yourself; let your life be tranquil! Gilgamesh laughed. He'll listen. You waste your words on me, good fathers! Then the elders came in secret to Enkidu.
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